Extended Ontologies: a Cognitively Inspired Approach.

Within the Knowledge representation community, in general, an ontology is considered as a formal specification of a shared conceptualization. In this sense, ontologies would be constituted of concepts and could be understood as an approach of representing knowledge. In general, ontologies represent concepts in a logical way, adopting the so-called classical theory of representation. Due to this, ontologies can support classification, based on necessary and sufficient conditions, and rule-based reasoning. In this work, we discuss a cognitively inspired approach for extending the knowledge representation capabilities of ontologies. We propose an extended notion of ontologies which incorporates other cognitively plausible representations, such as prototypes and exemplars. The extended ontology has the advantage of supporting similarity-based reasoning, besides the usual logical reasoning.