Effect of shading and tilt angle on Standalone Photovoltaic system for the atmospheric condition in Hamdard University

this paper summarizes the installation and experimental exploration of a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system designed for 12-volt DC loads, specifically fans and bulbs, within the Material Testing Lab at Faculty of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Hamdard University. Rigorous load calculations well-versed the selection of suitable PV panels and batteries for backup. The experimental work involved a comprehensive analysis of various parameters, such as shading effects, changing tilt angles, load combinations, and fluctuations in solar radiation intensity. Data logging facilitated the recording and display of changes in temperature, humidity, and PV current, providing valuable insights into daily, monthly, and annual variations. Detailed data analysis revealed the impact of these parameters on current, voltage, and power values, aiding in the identification of power losses and cost calculations. The results and discussions highlight the system's performance under different conditions. The paper concludes with a theoretical economic analysis, including annual savings and payback period calculations, shedding light on the financial feasibility of the standalone solar PV system for the Material Testing Lab. This study contributes to the understanding of the system's effectiveness and potential economic benefits