Enabling Distributed Declarative Semantic Interoperability on the Web using translation templates

There is an ever-growing number of IoT devices that disclose their data through gateways to the Web. These gateways are distributed throughout the Web, which hinders them in adopting a consensus to publish their data. As a result, these gateways rely on a set of heterogeneous protocols, data formats, and models to publish data. In order to allow these components to exchange and consume data transparently, i.e., enable semantic interoperability among these gateways; a wide number of IoT platforms have been proposed. These platforms require practitioners to code ad hoc adapters to integrate their gateways (programmatic semantic interoperability) or rely on translation rules to perform data normalisation (declarative semantic interoperability). However, the latter approach uniquely enables IoT platforms to translate the data from the gateways but cannot perform a bidirectional translation. In this article, a new language is presented to perform bidirectional translations along with an implementation to run these rules.