Kakeru Watanabe

Formal Verification of Challenge Flow in EMV 3-D Secure and Its Improvement

2025 · IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences

EMV 3-D Secure is an authentication service mainly to identify and verify cardholders for card-not-present (CNP) transactions over the Internet. EMV 3-D Secure services are provided by international credit card brands such as Visa, Mastercard …