Blockchain in Electronic Voting: A Systematic Review of Security, Scalability, and Emerging Technologies

Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the security, transparency, and efficiency of electronic voting systems. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of recent research papers, examining various cryptographic techniques, consensus mechanisms, and blockchain frameworks designed to address critical issues such as voter anonymity, coercion resistance, and election integrity. The findings are categorized into key themes: security, privacy, scalability, verifiability, and performance, with an emphasis on advanced methods like biometric encryption and quantum key distribution. Emerging trends, including quantum cryptography and decentralized governance, are explored as future avenues for innovation. Despite these advancements, challenges related to governance, user engagement, legal frameworks, and system interoperability persist. The paper concludes by identifying the need for further research into scalability and security improvements, as well as the seamless integration of blockchain solutions with existing electoral infrastructure to enable real-world adoption