GENERAL EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF MANUAL LABOR IN THE SYSTEM OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

High-quality vocational training of students is one of the requirements for creating the country’s personnel potential for the actively developing industry. In the last few years there has been a rethinking of the significance of vocational (technological) training of the younger generation at the state level, which is confirmed by amendments to the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation" from 19.12.2023 and 24.01.2024. It is necessary to create an updated effective system of vocational (technological) training of schoolchildren, based on the priorities of modern trends in the development of education and historical experience (in particular, the issues of organization of manual labor). The article contains a historical and pedagogical analysis of primary sources of the early twentieth century and modern research on the problem of studying manual labor as a general educational subject in schools of the Russian Empire. It is revealed that vocational training in schools of pre-revolutionary Russia of the early twentieth century was carried out mainly through manual labor lessons. The opinion of teachers and scientists of the early twentieth century about the general educational role of manual labor in the system of vocational training of schoolchildren is studied.