Robust Optimal Power Flow Against Adversarial Attacks: A Tri-Level Optimization Approach

Power systems must withstand extreme weather, failures, and cyberattacks, requiring a resilient operational strategy. Therefore, this paper presents a tri-level optimization approach integrating robust optimization for worst-case scenarios. First, it optimizes economic dispatch to minimize costs while maintaining supply-demand balance. Next, it identifies worst-case attacks on distributed generation (DG) to assess system vulnerabilities. Finally, it deploys fast-response energy storage systems (ESS) to mitigate disruptions. By combining these stages, the approach enhances both cost efficiency and resilience. Its effectiveness is demonstrated on the IEEE-33 node distribution system.