Digitizing Land Governance in Punjab: Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of Computerization of Land Record Management and Information System (CLRMIS)

The Computerization of Land Record Management and Information System (CLRMIS) in Punjab, Pakistan, marks a significant step toward transparent, efficient, and inclusive land governance. This study examines the system's implementation, highlighting key challenges, including institutional resistance, digital exclusion, infrastructure gaps, weak legal frameworks, and cybersecurity risks. Despite these barriers, CLRMIS fosters legal empowerment, improves service delivery, and curbs corruption by limiting discretionary authority. It strengthens land tenure security, enhances conflict resolution through digital documentation, and supports economic development. Moreover, its potential integration within broader e-governance initiatives positions it as a catalyst for both interdepartmental collaboration and sustainable progress. The paper argues that maximizing CLRMIS’s impact requires targeted policy reforms, legal harmonization, institutional capacity-building, and inclusive public engagement. These strategic interventions not only unlock the system's full benefits but also offer valuable insights for regional land reform efforts and potential replication across other provinces.