INTRODUCTION AND SOLUTION TO QUESTION 3 OF THE THEORETICAL EXAMINATION OF THE 24TH ASIAN PHYSICS OLYMPIAD

This paper introduces the third question of the theoretical examination in the 24th Asian Physics Olympiad. The question is about the observation and energy calculation of quasars, including initial experimental observations and theoretical modeling calculations. The question is divided into six parts, covering a variety of topics from optics, modern physics, and electromagnetism. The content of this question is broad, with moderate difficulty, and its distinctive feature is the good integration of experimental observation and theoretical calculation. Therefore, a detailed introduction and solution are provided here.