Geospatial Suitability Mapping for Sustainable Energy Site Selection in Iraq

This study aims to identify the best sites for establishing solar and wind energy farms in Iraq through a Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) paired with a Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Various environmental and infrastructural factors were assessed, including solar radiation intensity, wind speed, terrain slope, proximity to power lines, distance from major roads, and distance from bodies of water. The layers were standardized, weighted, and combined to create a comprehensive suitability map. The findings indicated that approximately 31% of the research area is highly suitable for Renewable Energy (RE) development, 30% is moderately suitable, and 39% is unsuitable due to environmental or logistical constraints. The most advantageous regions were identified in southeastern Iraq and small parts of the western area. The research provides a scientific foundation for energy planners and decision-makers to formulate sustainable energy policies. It supports the national efforts to diversify the energy portfolio, reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, and achieve long-term sustainable development goals. The findings underscore the importance of GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) in improving land use planning for RE infrastructure.