The first decades of the soviet school in scientific heritage of Pavel Nikolaevich Milyukov (1859–1943)

The article shows the main events of public and scientific life of P. N. Milyukov, analyzes his historical concept of the Russian culture development in terms of the historian’s interpretation of the formation and development process of the national educational system in the early years of the Soviet power. It was the education and school, according to the author’s idea, that became the main ideological institutions of the Soviet society of that time. Being in emigration, P. N. Milyukov closely followed the development of culture and education in the USSR, tried to consider numerous events and facts in the context of the national culture history, having revealed their historical conditionality, continuity and discontinuity of the unified domestic education process. Such an approach allowed the author to continue his research of the earlier period and to create an original concept of the national school development. With his conclusions and generalizations, the scientist showed the example of preservation and development of fundamental domestic scientific historical school of the XIX–XX centuries, even with the analysis of the political regime which differed much from traditions of the Russian statehood.