The Impact of Blended Learning on Students' Design and Fabrication Outcomes of Trendy Play Furniture: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Educational technology advances quickly while Blended Learning demonstrates strong potential for teaching STEAM subjects. The research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate Blended Learning effects on students' trendy play furniture design and fabrication results while testing six research hypotheses. The research examined how Blended Learning support affects learning motivation and collaboration level which then directly and indirectly enhances design and fabrication outcomes. The research instrument included 30 measurement items to gather self-reported data and work evaluation scores from 200-300 middle school students. The study shows that Blended Learning support led to better learning motivation and team collaboration which resulted in improved creativity and precision and functional trendy play furniture outcomes. The model demonstrated excellent fit through X2/df<3 and RMSEA<0.08 and CFI>0.9 values. The research established strong reliability through Cronbach's α>0.9 and validity through KMO>0.9 which met the required standards. The research expands both theoretical Blended Learning and design education frameworks by providing evidence-based practical recommendations for STEAM education.