A method of approximation of discrete Schrödinger equation with the normalized Laplacian by discrete-time quantum walk on graphs

We propose a class of continuous-time quantum walk models on graphs induced by a certain class of discrete-time quantum walk models with the parameter $ε\in [0,1]$. Here the graph treated in this paper can be applied both finite and infinite cases. The induced continuous-time quantum walk is an extended version of the (free) discrete-Schrödinger equation driven by the normalized Laplacian: the element of the weighted Hermitian takes not only a scalar value but also a matrix value depending on the underlying discrete-time quantum walk. We show that each discrete-time quantum walk with an appropriate setting of the parameter $ε$ in the long time limit identifies with its induced continuous-time quantum walk and give the running time for the discrete-time to approximate the induced continuous-time quantum walk with a small error $δ$. We also investigate the detailed spectral information on the induced continuous-time quantum walk.