C-V2X Aided Vehicular Blockchain Sharding Incentive Mechanism in Vehicular Edge Computing

Blockchain has been considered as a critical solution to handle the privacy and security concerns for data sharing in vehicular networks. However, deploying vehicular blockchain onboard vehicles is constrained by the sophisticated communication environments of vehicular networks, the restricted resources of vehicles, and self-interested property of vehicles. In this paper, a Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) based vehicular blockchain sharding framework is presented in vehicular edge computing. To motivate vehicles to assist in validating block data in vehicular shard, a contract-based incentive mechanism is presented to efficiently solve the joint moral hazard and adverse selection problem. Considering packet sensing ratio, half-duplex effect, and successful sensing probability, a dual PC5/Uu interface based block consensus delay model is formulated during the consensus process. To achieve two objectives of capability-discrimination and effort-motivation, we aim at enhancing the saved delay utility of blockchain service requester (BSR) while ensuring complex conditions of vehicles. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed mechanism successfully fulfills capability-discrimination and effort-motivation, and offers a 52% and 7% increase in BSR’s utility compared to the linear pricing scheme and uniform scheme, respectively.