ULOGA PRIVATNE ZAŠTITE U URBANOJ SIGURNOSTI / THE ROLE OF PRIVATE SECURITY BUSINESS IN URBAN SECURITY

U danasnje moderno doba, razvojem tehnologija i opcenitim povecanjem svih oblika ljudskog djelovanja, kao i porastom populacije neosporno se namece pitanje sigurnosti, kao osnovnog preduvjeta za nesmetani razvoj drustva. Postizanje prihvatljive razine sigurnosti ljudi i njihove imovine u njihovim domovima, radnim mjestima te javnim prostorima osnovna je zadaca drustva. Obzirom na cinjenicu da najveci broj svjetske populacije živi u gradovima, preventivne aktivnosti pri zastiti osoba i njihove imovine moraju uzeti u obzir sve karakteristike i specificnosti urbanih sredina. One se ocituju u odnosu brojnosti populacije, prometne, telekomunikacijske i komunalne infrastrukture te vrsti i broju gospodarskih aktivnosti na mogucnost pojave određenih stetnih događaja, kao sto su razne vrste kriminaliteta, terorizma, sportskih ili politickih nereda na javnim prostorima ili sportskim natjecanjima i dr., na koje se može i mora utjecati planiranjem i donosenjem normativnih, upravnih, organizacijskih, obrazovnih i propagandnih mjera i aktivnosti, te operativnih primjena s ciljem sprjecavanja, odnosno svođenja neželjenih posljedica na najmanju mogucu mjeru. Uloga Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova u zastiti urbanih sredina je dvojaka – ona se ocituje kroz rad policije u dijelu preventivnih i operativnih aktivnosti, te kroz službe inspekcija za nadzor djelatnosti privatne zastite koja u sve vecoj mjeri sudjeluje u brojnim drustvenim sredinama cesto pri tome zamjenjujuci policijske snage u pružanju zastite osoba i imovine. Tako se privatna zastita sve vise ukljucuje u zastitu kriticnih infrastruktura, posebice rizicnih gospodarskih grana, prometa, nadzora državne granice na zracnim lukama, javnim povrsinama, poslovnicama novcarskih institucija i drugim drustvenim aktivnostima. Statisticki pregled pojavnosti kaznenih djela u Republici Hrvatskoj dokazuje razinu važnosti ukljucenja privatne zastite u opci drustveni sustav sigurnosti, koji mora biti potpora policiji u preventivnim i operativnim aktivnostima, pri cemu se mora permanentno osuvremenjivati kroz unaprjeđenje postojece legislative. Rad donosi prijedlog mjera zastite koje se temelje na optimalnom koristenju ljudskih resursa i potencijala u okvirima poslova zastite i sigurnosti, te stalnu edukaciju, promidžbu i informiranje građana o mjerama i metodama zastite i samozastite, optimalnom planiranju i organizaciji urbanih prostora u kojima se odvija gospodarska i sva druga aktivnost ljudi radi preventivnog djelovanja na potencijalne pocinitelje kaznenih djela, uspostavi ucinkovitog integralnog sustava zastite koji mora imati odgovarajucu primjenu sukladno stvarnim potrebama i realnim rizicima ugrožavanja i koji ukljucuje sve mjerodavne subjekte koji se bave poslovima urbanizma, arhitekture, ekologije, sigurnosti i dr., optimalno sastavljenim planovima i programima zastite, sigurnosnih procedura rizicnih poslovanja i aktivnosti, uspostavi ucinkovitih preventivnih aktivnosti policije ukljucivanjem optimalnog broja „kontakt policajaca“ i policijskih ophodnji, koristenju tjelesne i tehnicke zastite, zastiti informacijskih sustava, te osobnih i drugih podataka, permanentnom ažuriranju propisa koji uređuju problematiku sigurnosti drustva i nadzorom njihove primjene, te bržem i transparentnijem kažnjavanju pocinitelja kaznenih djela, uz odgovarajucu medijsku potporu. ----------------- In today’s modern world with the developing technology and general increase of all forms of human activities, as well as the increase of population, there undeniably arises a question of security, as a basic prerequisite for unhindered development of society. Reaching an acceptable level of security of people and property in their homes, at their work places and in public places is a basic task of our society. Given that the majority of world population lives in cities, preventive activities related to the protection of individuals and their property have to take into consideration all the characteristics and specific features of urban communities. These are manifested in the relationship between the size of population, traffic, telecommunications and public utility infrastructure, type and number of economic activities and the possible emergence of some adverse incidents, such as various forms of crime, terrorism, sports or political disorders in public places or sports competitions etc. which can and must be influenced by planning and adopting normative, administrative, organisational, educational and promotional measures and activities, as well as practical implementation in order to prevent and reduce adverse consequences to a minimum. The role of the Ministry of the Interior in protecting urban communities is of two kinds - it is manifested in preventive and operational policing and through departments for the inspection of private security sector which has lately been increasingly involved in numerous communities thereby often replacing the police force in the protection of individuals and their property. Thus, private security sector is increasingly getting involved in critical infrastructure protection, in particular high-risk business sector, traffic, state border protection at airports, public places, offices of monetary institutions and other social activities. A statistical overview of crime incidence in the Republic of Croatia proves the importance of involving the private security sector in the general social protection system, having to serve as support to the police in their preventive and operational activities, and with the requirement of its permanent modernisation through the updating of the existing legislation. This paper brings forward a proposal of protection measures based on the optimum use of human resources and potentials within the framework of security and protection business, and permanent education, promotion and informing of citizens about the measures and methods of protection and self-protection, optimum planning and organisation of urban areas where business and all other activities take place aimed at preventive activities against potential offenders, the establishment of an efficient integral protection system which has to be implemented according to real needs and realistic threat risks and which includes all relevant entities engaged in urbanism, architecture, ecology, security, etc., acceptable plans and programmes of protection, security procedures in high-risk businesses and activities, the establishment of efficient police preventive activities by involving an appropriate number of community police officers and police patrols, the use of physical and technical protection, the protection of information systems and personal and other data, permanent updating of regulations stipulating the issues of safety and security in the society and the supervision of their implementation, as well as faster and more transparent punishing of offenders, with an appropriate media support.