Kurt; id_orcid 0000-0002-1520-4909 Butler

Identifiable Estimation of Causal Concept Effects under Visual Latent Confounding

2026 · Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)

Estimating the causal effect of human-interpretable visual concepts on outcomes<br/>is essential for auditing classifiers and assessing bias in image datasets. However, existing estimators typically assume unconfoundedness, a condition rarely met in practice, as concept annotations …