Tomas Pødenphant Lund

Capacity Scaling of Encoding-Through-Loading: Application vs. Cloze Asymmetry Across Three Orders of Magnitude

2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Abstract. Large language models solve cloze retrieval and derivation-application on the same underlying knowledge base, but at different scales. We document this asymmetry on a single invented knowledge domain ("Zorbetik") designed to eliminate pretraining-prior confounds, …