A REVIEW OF SOLAR TRACKING CONFIGURATION AND OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS FOR THE DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEMS

Solar energy is considered one of the most important types of renewable energy resources due to its availability worldwide at wide times. Many researchers have been interested in developing many ways to obtain the highest efficiency and lowest cost of solar energy. The highest energy is obtained when the sun's radiation is incident perpendicular to the photovoltaic (PV) panel. The Earth revolves around itself daily and circulates the sun annually. Therefore, obtaining the perpendicularity of the radiation to the photovoltaic panel (PVP) is difficult. The dual-axis solar tracking is one of the most important methods proposed to maintain the perpendicularity of the radiation to the photovoltaic panel. There are several ways to improve the operation of the dual-axis solar tracker to ensure that the sunlight is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel. This study reviews the evaluation algorithms and techniques for improving tracker systems' performance. From reviews, innovative technologies or expert systems can be employed to control the orientation of PVP to obtain maximum solar energy conversion. Innovative technologies can also be developed by mixing more than one technology to obtain the desired goal, such as hybridizing algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and others for solar tracking systems. In addition, the diversity of the optimization techniques using metaheuristic algorithms provided researchers with a comprehensive workspace to derive perfect results even in practical experiments.