Cross-Chain Technologies: Challenges and Opportunties for Blockchain Interoperability

Blockchain technology has given rise to various blockchains, each with unique characteristics and applications. However, these isolated and heterogeneous blockchains pose challenges for value transfer and data communication, creating disconnected value islands. To address this issue, cross-chain technology provides blockchain interconnection, improving interoperability and scalability. This paper explores cross-chain technologies, discussing their background, significance, and research status. It also introduces, analyzes, and compares mainstream cross-chain technologies and projects. Additionally, the paper identifies current challenges in cross-chain technology and suggests solutions, promoting discussions on its development trends. The paper aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of blockchain interoperability and relevant knowledge and application methods.