Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms for Secure Data Transmission

The rapid advancement of quantum computing introduces a critical threat to established cryptographic systems, such as RSA and ECC, by enabling quantum attacks those classical systems cannot withstand. This evolving threat creates a necessity for post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms to ensure secure data transmission in the quantum era. PQC encompasses diverse approaches, including lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptography. Each category offers distinct advantages and challenges: lattice-based algorithms provide robust security but may require substantial computational resources, while hash-based approaches are easier to implement but limited in flexibility. Code-based algorithms deliver strong security with significant computational demand, and multivariate polynomial approaches boast efficiency, though they face scrutiny over quantum resilience. This paper evaluates these PQC algorithms in terms of their security, performance, and feasibility, identifying optimal methods to secure data transmission in a future where quantum threats are prevalent.