A High-Level Security Techniques on Quantum Security for Post Quantum Cryptography

With the rapid advancement regarding quantum computing, traditional cryptographic systems face an existential threat because of their reliance concerning mathematical challenges which may be addressed effectively solved using quantum algorithms like the one developed by Shor. This imminent risk has driven extensive research into quantum-resistant cryptography (PQC), that seeks to develop encryption methods resilient against attacks powered by quantum computing. This study offers a thorough literature survey on high-level security techniques in quantum security for PQC, analysing past and current research efforts in this domain. We first examine the vulnerabilities of classical cryptographic protocols, including public-key encryption methods such as RSA (developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman) and ECC (which uses elliptic curve mathematics), and traditional cryptographic hashing methods, against quantum adversaries. The study then explores the foundational approaches to quantum-secure cryptography, including lattice-based, hash-based, multivariate polynomial, code-based, and isogeny-based encryption methods that possess emerged as promising candidates for standardization. The survey highlights key challenges in the real-world application of PQC, including performance trade-offs, key size overhead, and deployment complexities. We conclude by identifying future research directions during the creation of scalable, efficient, and provably secure cryptographic methods designed to withstand quantum attacks techniques. As the shift toward the quantum-resilient era approaches, this survey aims to provide a clear and structured comprehension of the evolving the domain of quantum security for PQC.